The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 and ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. Which of these treaties ended the war?

The Thirty Years' War began in 1618 and ended with the Treaty of Westphalia. Which of these treaties ended the war?

• A. Peace of Augsburg
• B. Treaty of Westphalia
• C. Treaty of Paris
• D. Treaty of Utrecht

Answer: (B)

The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648. This is the correct choice because Westphalia brought all the fighting to a formal close and laid groundwork for a new European order based on the recognition of sovereign states. The earlier Peace of Augsburg (1555) resolved religious tensions within the Holy Roman Empire at a much earlier time and did not conclude the later, broader conflict. The Treaty of Paris and the Treaty of Utrecht refer to separate wars in different centuries, not the Thirty Years' War. Westphalia also expanded recognition of multiple Christian denominations and contributed to the concept of state sovereignty that shaped international diplomacy thereafter.

The Thirty Years' War ended with the Treaty of Westphalia, signed in 1648. This is the correct choice because Westphalia brought all the fighting to a formal close and laid groundwork for a new European order based on the recognition of sovereign states. The earlier Peace of Augsburg (1555) resolved religious tensions within the Holy Roman Empire at a much earlier time and did not conclude the later, broader conflict. The Treaty of Paris and the Treaty of Utrecht refer to separate wars in different centuries, not the Thirty Years' War. Westphalia also expanded recognition of multiple Christian denominations and contributed to the concept of state sovereignty that shaped international diplomacy thereafter.